Which method is commonly used to disinfect water systems?

Chlorination is commonly used to disinfect water systems because it effectively kills a broad range of pathogens, including bacteria and viruses, and is a straightforward process to implement. The chlorine reacts with microorganisms in the water, disrupting their cellular processes and leading to their inactivation or death. This method also provides residual disinfection, meaning that it continues to work to prevent the regrowth of pathogens throughout the distribution system, ensuring that the water remains safe to use as it travels from treatment facilities to consumers.

Ultraviolet light treatment is an effective method for disinfection as well, but it requires careful attention to the water's clarity and the equipment's maintenance to ensure consistent effectiveness, and it does not provide a residual effect. Reverse osmosis primarily focuses on the removal of dissolved solids and contaminants rather than disinfection, and it does not inherently kill microorganisms. Filtration can remove some debris and particulates but may not effectively eliminate pathogens unless used in conjunction with other disinfection methods. Therefore, chlorination stands out as a primary and reliable method for disinfecting water systems.